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$ limlimits_xrightarrow +infty left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x$ and $lim_xrightarrow 3^+ fraccos x ln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)$?


Compute $lim limits_xtoinfty (fracx-2x+2)^x$L'Hopital's Rule with $lim limits_x to inftyfrac2^xe^left(x^2right)$How to evaluate $lim_xtoinftyarctan (4/x)/ |arcsin (-3/x)|$?Evaluate $limlimits_xtoinftyx(fracpi2-arctan(x))$ without using L'HôpitalCalculate this limit : $lim_xrightarrow +inftyleft[xleft(4arctanleft(fracx+1xright)-piright)right]$Prove that $limlimits_nrightarrowinfty left(1+frac1a_n right)^a_n=e$ if $limlimits_nrightarrowinfty a_n=infty$Calculate the limit: $lim limits_n rightarrow infty frac 4(n+3)!-n!n((n+2)!-(n-1)!)$How to solve the limit $limlimits_xto infty (x arctan x - fracxpi2)$How would you calculate this limit? $limlimits_n rightarrowinftyfracpi2nsumlimits_k=1^ncosleft(fracpi2nkright)$Why am I computing $lim limits_x to infty x left(arctan fracx+1x+2 -arctan fracxx+2 right)$ wrong?













2












$begingroup$



I got stuck on two exercises below
$$
limlimits_xrightarrow +infty left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x \
lim_xrightarrow 3^+ fraccos x ln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)
$$




For the first one , let $y=(frac2pi arctan x )^x $, so $ln y =xln (frac2pi arctan x )$, the right part is $infty cdot 0$ type, but seemly, the L 'hopital's rule is useless. PS: I know the $infty cdot 0$ can be become to $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$. But when I use the L 'hopital's rule to the $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$ the calculation is complex and useless.



For the second one , it is $fracinftyinfty$ type, also useless the L 'hopital's rule is. How to calculate it ?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    For $0timesinfty$ types, you can algebraically transform them into either $frac00$ or $fracinftyinfty$, where you can try using L'Hopital's (though it may not help): just remember that $ab = fraca frac1b $. And, L'Hopital's Rule is applicable for $fracinftyinfty$ indeterminates...
    $endgroup$
    – Arturo Magidin
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Try to avoid asking several questions in a single post. If you feel that the answer would be similar, ask about the first limit, and then try to solve the second one by yourself, and if you are still stuck, ask a separate question. The software has a limit on how many questions you can ask in a single day, and doing it like this is circumventing these limitations.
    $endgroup$
    – Asaf Karagila
    2 days ago















2












$begingroup$



I got stuck on two exercises below
$$
limlimits_xrightarrow +infty left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x \
lim_xrightarrow 3^+ fraccos x ln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)
$$




For the first one , let $y=(frac2pi arctan x )^x $, so $ln y =xln (frac2pi arctan x )$, the right part is $infty cdot 0$ type, but seemly, the L 'hopital's rule is useless. PS: I know the $infty cdot 0$ can be become to $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$. But when I use the L 'hopital's rule to the $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$ the calculation is complex and useless.



For the second one , it is $fracinftyinfty$ type, also useless the L 'hopital's rule is. How to calculate it ?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    For $0timesinfty$ types, you can algebraically transform them into either $frac00$ or $fracinftyinfty$, where you can try using L'Hopital's (though it may not help): just remember that $ab = fraca frac1b $. And, L'Hopital's Rule is applicable for $fracinftyinfty$ indeterminates...
    $endgroup$
    – Arturo Magidin
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Try to avoid asking several questions in a single post. If you feel that the answer would be similar, ask about the first limit, and then try to solve the second one by yourself, and if you are still stuck, ask a separate question. The software has a limit on how many questions you can ask in a single day, and doing it like this is circumventing these limitations.
    $endgroup$
    – Asaf Karagila
    2 days ago













2












2








2





$begingroup$



I got stuck on two exercises below
$$
limlimits_xrightarrow +infty left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x \
lim_xrightarrow 3^+ fraccos x ln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)
$$




For the first one , let $y=(frac2pi arctan x )^x $, so $ln y =xln (frac2pi arctan x )$, the right part is $infty cdot 0$ type, but seemly, the L 'hopital's rule is useless. PS: I know the $infty cdot 0$ can be become to $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$. But when I use the L 'hopital's rule to the $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$ the calculation is complex and useless.



For the second one , it is $fracinftyinfty$ type, also useless the L 'hopital's rule is. How to calculate it ?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$





I got stuck on two exercises below
$$
limlimits_xrightarrow +infty left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x \
lim_xrightarrow 3^+ fraccos x ln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)
$$




For the first one , let $y=(frac2pi arctan x )^x $, so $ln y =xln (frac2pi arctan x )$, the right part is $infty cdot 0$ type, but seemly, the L 'hopital's rule is useless. PS: I know the $infty cdot 0$ can be become to $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$. But when I use the L 'hopital's rule to the $fracinftyinfty$ or $frac00$ the calculation is complex and useless.



For the second one , it is $fracinftyinfty$ type, also useless the L 'hopital's rule is. How to calculate it ?







calculus limits






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited 2 days ago









user21820

40k544160




40k544160










asked 2 days ago









lanse7ptylanse7pty

1,8461823




1,8461823











  • $begingroup$
    For $0timesinfty$ types, you can algebraically transform them into either $frac00$ or $fracinftyinfty$, where you can try using L'Hopital's (though it may not help): just remember that $ab = fraca frac1b $. And, L'Hopital's Rule is applicable for $fracinftyinfty$ indeterminates...
    $endgroup$
    – Arturo Magidin
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Try to avoid asking several questions in a single post. If you feel that the answer would be similar, ask about the first limit, and then try to solve the second one by yourself, and if you are still stuck, ask a separate question. The software has a limit on how many questions you can ask in a single day, and doing it like this is circumventing these limitations.
    $endgroup$
    – Asaf Karagila
    2 days ago
















  • $begingroup$
    For $0timesinfty$ types, you can algebraically transform them into either $frac00$ or $fracinftyinfty$, where you can try using L'Hopital's (though it may not help): just remember that $ab = fraca frac1b $. And, L'Hopital's Rule is applicable for $fracinftyinfty$ indeterminates...
    $endgroup$
    – Arturo Magidin
    2 days ago






  • 2




    $begingroup$
    Try to avoid asking several questions in a single post. If you feel that the answer would be similar, ask about the first limit, and then try to solve the second one by yourself, and if you are still stuck, ask a separate question. The software has a limit on how many questions you can ask in a single day, and doing it like this is circumventing these limitations.
    $endgroup$
    – Asaf Karagila
    2 days ago















$begingroup$
For $0timesinfty$ types, you can algebraically transform them into either $frac00$ or $fracinftyinfty$, where you can try using L'Hopital's (though it may not help): just remember that $ab = fraca frac1b $. And, L'Hopital's Rule is applicable for $fracinftyinfty$ indeterminates...
$endgroup$
– Arturo Magidin
2 days ago




$begingroup$
For $0timesinfty$ types, you can algebraically transform them into either $frac00$ or $fracinftyinfty$, where you can try using L'Hopital's (though it may not help): just remember that $ab = fraca frac1b $. And, L'Hopital's Rule is applicable for $fracinftyinfty$ indeterminates...
$endgroup$
– Arturo Magidin
2 days ago




2




2




$begingroup$
Try to avoid asking several questions in a single post. If you feel that the answer would be similar, ask about the first limit, and then try to solve the second one by yourself, and if you are still stuck, ask a separate question. The software has a limit on how many questions you can ask in a single day, and doing it like this is circumventing these limitations.
$endgroup$
– Asaf Karagila
2 days ago




$begingroup$
Try to avoid asking several questions in a single post. If you feel that the answer would be similar, ask about the first limit, and then try to solve the second one by yourself, and if you are still stuck, ask a separate question. The software has a limit on how many questions you can ask in a single day, and doing it like this is circumventing these limitations.
$endgroup$
– Asaf Karagila
2 days ago










4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















1












$begingroup$

You can solve the first one using



  • $arctan x + operatornamearccotx = fracpi2$

  • $lim_yto 0(1-y)^1/y = e^-1$

  • $xoperatornamearccotx stackrelstackrelx =cot uuto 0^+= cot ucdot u = cos ucdot fracusin u stackrelu to 0^+longrightarrow 1$

begineqnarray* left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x
& stackrelarctan x = fracpi2-operatornamearccotx= & left( underbraceleft(1- frac2pioperatornamearccotxright)^fracpi2operatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow e^-1 right)^frac2piunderbracexoperatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow 1 \
& stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow & e^-frac2pi
endeqnarray*



The second limit is quite straight forward as $lim_xto 3+cos x = cos 3$. Just consider




  • $fracln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)$ and apply L'Hospital.





share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    2












    $begingroup$

    Rewrite $inftycdot 0$ as $infty cdot dfrac1infty$. Now you can apply L'Hopital's rule: $$lim_xto +inftydfracleft(ln 2/picdotarctan x right)1/x=lim_xto +inftydfracpi/2cdot arctan x-1/x^2cdot dfrac11+x^2=-dfracpi 2lim_xto +inftyarctan xcdot dfracx^21+x^2$$






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$




















      1












      $begingroup$

      Without L'Hospital
      $$y=left(frac2pi arctan (x) right)^ximplies log(y)=x logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right) $$



      Now, by Taylor for large values of $x$
      $$arctan (x)=fracpi 2-frac1x+frac13 x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$
      $$frac2pi arctan (x) =1-frac2pi x+frac23 pi x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$ Taylor again
      $$logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi x-frac2pi ^2 x^2+Oleft(frac1x^3right)$$
      $$log(y)=xlogleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi -frac2pi ^2 x+Oleft(frac1x^2right)$$ Just continue with Taylor using $y=e^log(y)$ if you want to see not only the limit but also how it is approached






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$




















        0












        $begingroup$

        For the first: taking $log$ and doing the cov $x = 1/t$ and using L'Hôpital:
        $$
        lim_xto+inftyxlogleft(frac2piarctan x right) =
        lim_tto 0^+frac 1tlogleft(frac2piarctan(1/t)right) =
        lim_tto 0^+frac -1(t^2 + 1)arctan(1/t)) = -frac 2pi.
        $$






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$













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          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

          votes








          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          1












          $begingroup$

          You can solve the first one using



          • $arctan x + operatornamearccotx = fracpi2$

          • $lim_yto 0(1-y)^1/y = e^-1$

          • $xoperatornamearccotx stackrelstackrelx =cot uuto 0^+= cot ucdot u = cos ucdot fracusin u stackrelu to 0^+longrightarrow 1$

          begineqnarray* left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x
          & stackrelarctan x = fracpi2-operatornamearccotx= & left( underbraceleft(1- frac2pioperatornamearccotxright)^fracpi2operatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow e^-1 right)^frac2piunderbracexoperatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow 1 \
          & stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow & e^-frac2pi
          endeqnarray*



          The second limit is quite straight forward as $lim_xto 3+cos x = cos 3$. Just consider




          • $fracln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)$ and apply L'Hospital.





          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$

















            1












            $begingroup$

            You can solve the first one using



            • $arctan x + operatornamearccotx = fracpi2$

            • $lim_yto 0(1-y)^1/y = e^-1$

            • $xoperatornamearccotx stackrelstackrelx =cot uuto 0^+= cot ucdot u = cos ucdot fracusin u stackrelu to 0^+longrightarrow 1$

            begineqnarray* left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x
            & stackrelarctan x = fracpi2-operatornamearccotx= & left( underbraceleft(1- frac2pioperatornamearccotxright)^fracpi2operatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow e^-1 right)^frac2piunderbracexoperatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow 1 \
            & stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow & e^-frac2pi
            endeqnarray*



            The second limit is quite straight forward as $lim_xto 3+cos x = cos 3$. Just consider




            • $fracln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)$ and apply L'Hospital.





            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$















              1












              1








              1





              $begingroup$

              You can solve the first one using



              • $arctan x + operatornamearccotx = fracpi2$

              • $lim_yto 0(1-y)^1/y = e^-1$

              • $xoperatornamearccotx stackrelstackrelx =cot uuto 0^+= cot ucdot u = cos ucdot fracusin u stackrelu to 0^+longrightarrow 1$

              begineqnarray* left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x
              & stackrelarctan x = fracpi2-operatornamearccotx= & left( underbraceleft(1- frac2pioperatornamearccotxright)^fracpi2operatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow e^-1 right)^frac2piunderbracexoperatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow 1 \
              & stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow & e^-frac2pi
              endeqnarray*



              The second limit is quite straight forward as $lim_xto 3+cos x = cos 3$. Just consider




              • $fracln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)$ and apply L'Hospital.





              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



              You can solve the first one using



              • $arctan x + operatornamearccotx = fracpi2$

              • $lim_yto 0(1-y)^1/y = e^-1$

              • $xoperatornamearccotx stackrelstackrelx =cot uuto 0^+= cot ucdot u = cos ucdot fracusin u stackrelu to 0^+longrightarrow 1$

              begineqnarray* left(frac2pi arctan x right)^x
              & stackrelarctan x = fracpi2-operatornamearccotx= & left( underbraceleft(1- frac2pioperatornamearccotxright)^fracpi2operatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow e^-1 right)^frac2piunderbracexoperatornamearccotx_stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow 1 \
              & stackrelx to +inftylongrightarrow & e^-frac2pi
              endeqnarray*



              The second limit is quite straight forward as $lim_xto 3+cos x = cos 3$. Just consider




              • $fracln(x-3)ln(e^x-e^3)$ and apply L'Hospital.






              share|cite|improve this answer












              share|cite|improve this answer



              share|cite|improve this answer










              answered 2 days ago









              trancelocationtrancelocation

              13.5k1828




              13.5k1828





















                  2












                  $begingroup$

                  Rewrite $inftycdot 0$ as $infty cdot dfrac1infty$. Now you can apply L'Hopital's rule: $$lim_xto +inftydfracleft(ln 2/picdotarctan x right)1/x=lim_xto +inftydfracpi/2cdot arctan x-1/x^2cdot dfrac11+x^2=-dfracpi 2lim_xto +inftyarctan xcdot dfracx^21+x^2$$






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$

















                    2












                    $begingroup$

                    Rewrite $inftycdot 0$ as $infty cdot dfrac1infty$. Now you can apply L'Hopital's rule: $$lim_xto +inftydfracleft(ln 2/picdotarctan x right)1/x=lim_xto +inftydfracpi/2cdot arctan x-1/x^2cdot dfrac11+x^2=-dfracpi 2lim_xto +inftyarctan xcdot dfracx^21+x^2$$






                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$















                      2












                      2








                      2





                      $begingroup$

                      Rewrite $inftycdot 0$ as $infty cdot dfrac1infty$. Now you can apply L'Hopital's rule: $$lim_xto +inftydfracleft(ln 2/picdotarctan x right)1/x=lim_xto +inftydfracpi/2cdot arctan x-1/x^2cdot dfrac11+x^2=-dfracpi 2lim_xto +inftyarctan xcdot dfracx^21+x^2$$






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$



                      Rewrite $inftycdot 0$ as $infty cdot dfrac1infty$. Now you can apply L'Hopital's rule: $$lim_xto +inftydfracleft(ln 2/picdotarctan x right)1/x=lim_xto +inftydfracpi/2cdot arctan x-1/x^2cdot dfrac11+x^2=-dfracpi 2lim_xto +inftyarctan xcdot dfracx^21+x^2$$







                      share|cite|improve this answer














                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer








                      edited 2 days ago

























                      answered 2 days ago









                      Paras KhoslaParas Khosla

                      2,782423




                      2,782423





















                          1












                          $begingroup$

                          Without L'Hospital
                          $$y=left(frac2pi arctan (x) right)^ximplies log(y)=x logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right) $$



                          Now, by Taylor for large values of $x$
                          $$arctan (x)=fracpi 2-frac1x+frac13 x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$
                          $$frac2pi arctan (x) =1-frac2pi x+frac23 pi x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$ Taylor again
                          $$logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi x-frac2pi ^2 x^2+Oleft(frac1x^3right)$$
                          $$log(y)=xlogleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi -frac2pi ^2 x+Oleft(frac1x^2right)$$ Just continue with Taylor using $y=e^log(y)$ if you want to see not only the limit but also how it is approached






                          share|cite|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$

















                            1












                            $begingroup$

                            Without L'Hospital
                            $$y=left(frac2pi arctan (x) right)^ximplies log(y)=x logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right) $$



                            Now, by Taylor for large values of $x$
                            $$arctan (x)=fracpi 2-frac1x+frac13 x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$
                            $$frac2pi arctan (x) =1-frac2pi x+frac23 pi x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$ Taylor again
                            $$logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi x-frac2pi ^2 x^2+Oleft(frac1x^3right)$$
                            $$log(y)=xlogleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi -frac2pi ^2 x+Oleft(frac1x^2right)$$ Just continue with Taylor using $y=e^log(y)$ if you want to see not only the limit but also how it is approached






                            share|cite|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$















                              1












                              1








                              1





                              $begingroup$

                              Without L'Hospital
                              $$y=left(frac2pi arctan (x) right)^ximplies log(y)=x logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right) $$



                              Now, by Taylor for large values of $x$
                              $$arctan (x)=fracpi 2-frac1x+frac13 x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$
                              $$frac2pi arctan (x) =1-frac2pi x+frac23 pi x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$ Taylor again
                              $$logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi x-frac2pi ^2 x^2+Oleft(frac1x^3right)$$
                              $$log(y)=xlogleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi -frac2pi ^2 x+Oleft(frac1x^2right)$$ Just continue with Taylor using $y=e^log(y)$ if you want to see not only the limit but also how it is approached






                              share|cite|improve this answer









                              $endgroup$



                              Without L'Hospital
                              $$y=left(frac2pi arctan (x) right)^ximplies log(y)=x logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right) $$



                              Now, by Taylor for large values of $x$
                              $$arctan (x)=fracpi 2-frac1x+frac13 x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$
                              $$frac2pi arctan (x) =1-frac2pi x+frac23 pi x^3+Oleft(frac1x^4right)$$ Taylor again
                              $$logleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi x-frac2pi ^2 x^2+Oleft(frac1x^3right)$$
                              $$log(y)=xlogleft(frac2pi arctan (x) right)= -frac2pi -frac2pi ^2 x+Oleft(frac1x^2right)$$ Just continue with Taylor using $y=e^log(y)$ if you want to see not only the limit but also how it is approached







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                              answered 2 days ago









                              Claude LeiboviciClaude Leibovici

                              125k1158136




                              125k1158136





















                                  0












                                  $begingroup$

                                  For the first: taking $log$ and doing the cov $x = 1/t$ and using L'Hôpital:
                                  $$
                                  lim_xto+inftyxlogleft(frac2piarctan x right) =
                                  lim_tto 0^+frac 1tlogleft(frac2piarctan(1/t)right) =
                                  lim_tto 0^+frac -1(t^2 + 1)arctan(1/t)) = -frac 2pi.
                                  $$






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$

















                                    0












                                    $begingroup$

                                    For the first: taking $log$ and doing the cov $x = 1/t$ and using L'Hôpital:
                                    $$
                                    lim_xto+inftyxlogleft(frac2piarctan x right) =
                                    lim_tto 0^+frac 1tlogleft(frac2piarctan(1/t)right) =
                                    lim_tto 0^+frac -1(t^2 + 1)arctan(1/t)) = -frac 2pi.
                                    $$






                                    share|cite|improve this answer









                                    $endgroup$















                                      0












                                      0








                                      0





                                      $begingroup$

                                      For the first: taking $log$ and doing the cov $x = 1/t$ and using L'Hôpital:
                                      $$
                                      lim_xto+inftyxlogleft(frac2piarctan x right) =
                                      lim_tto 0^+frac 1tlogleft(frac2piarctan(1/t)right) =
                                      lim_tto 0^+frac -1(t^2 + 1)arctan(1/t)) = -frac 2pi.
                                      $$






                                      share|cite|improve this answer









                                      $endgroup$



                                      For the first: taking $log$ and doing the cov $x = 1/t$ and using L'Hôpital:
                                      $$
                                      lim_xto+inftyxlogleft(frac2piarctan x right) =
                                      lim_tto 0^+frac 1tlogleft(frac2piarctan(1/t)right) =
                                      lim_tto 0^+frac -1(t^2 + 1)arctan(1/t)) = -frac 2pi.
                                      $$







                                      share|cite|improve this answer












                                      share|cite|improve this answer



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                                      answered 2 days ago









                                      Martín-Blas Pérez PinillaMartín-Blas Pérez Pinilla

                                      35k42971




                                      35k42971



























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